Bicycle and Car Parking
Integrating car parking within apartment buildings has a significant impact on site planning, landscape and building design. On site parking can be located underground, above ground within a structure or at grade.
The location, form and organisation of parking is usually a balance of development feasibility, site constraints, local context, apartment types and regulatory car parking requirements. Deep soil zones, stormwater management and the retention of trees can also affect the size and shape of a car park footprint.
Parking requirements should be determined in relation to the availability, frequency and convenience of public transport or proximity to a centre in regional areas. Reduced requirements promote a reduction in car dependency and encourage walking, cycling and use of public transport. Provision of parking for alternative forms of transport such as car share vehicles, motorcycles and bicycles should also be considered. Where less car parking is provided, councils should not provide on street resident parking permits.
This development provides green open space on top of the car park structure (top photo). The ground level facing the street is
'wrapped' with retail and commercial uses (bottom photo)
Car parking is provided based on proximity to public transport in metropolitan Sydney and centres in regional areas.
Design Criteria
1. For development in the following locations:
Nominated regional centres for design criteria 1
• on sites that are within 800 metres of a railway station or light rail stop in the Sydney Metropolitan Area; or
• on land zoned, and sites within 400 metres of land zoned, B3 Commercial Core, B4 Mixed Use or equivalent in a nominated regional centre.
The minimum car parking requirement for residents and visitors is set out in the Guide to Traffic Generating Developments, or the car parking requirement prescribed by the relevant council, whichever is less.
The car parking needs for a development must be provided off street.
Design Guidance
Where a car share scheme operates locally, provide car share parking spaces within the development. Car share spaces, when provided, should be on site.
Where less car parking is provided in a development, council should not provide on street resident parking permits.
Car share parking spaces that are conveniently located as part of apartment developments encourage reduced car ownership
Parking and facilities are provided for other modes of transport.
Design Guidance
Conveniently located and sufficient numbers of parking spaces should be provided for motorbikes and scooters.
Secure undercover bicycle parking should be provided that is easily accessible from both the public domain and common areas.
Conveniently located charging stations are provided for electric vehicles, where desirable.
Car share parking spaces can be provided in private areas of development for use by residents
Car park design and access is safe and secure.
Design Guidance
Supporting facilities within car parks, including garbage, plant and switch rooms, storage areas and car wash bays can be accessed without crossing car parking spaces.
Direct, clearly visible and well lit access should be provided into common circulation areas.
A clearly defined and visible lobby or waiting area should be provided to lifts and stairs.
For larger car parks, safe pedestrian access should be clearly defined and circulation areas have good lighting, colour, line marking and/or bollards.
Permeable roller doors allow for natural ventilation and improve the safety of car parking areas by enabling passive surveillance
Visual and environmental impacts of underground car parking are minimised.
Bicycle parking for residents should be secure and easy to access from common areas
Visual and environmental impacts of on-grade car parking are minimised.
Design Guidance
On-grade car parking should be avoided.
Where on-grade car parking is unavoidable, the following design solutions are used:
• parking is located on the side or rear of the lot away from the primary street frontage
• cars are screened from view of streets, buildings, communal and private open space areas
• safe and direct access to building entry points is provided
• parking is incorporated into the landscape design of the site, by extending planting and materials into the car park space
• stormwater run-off is managed appropriately from car parking surfaces
• bio-swales, rain gardens or on site detention tanks are provided, where appropriate
• light coloured paving materials or permeable paving systems are used and shade trees are planted between every 4-5 parking spaces to reduce increased surface temperatures from large areas of paving
Natural ventilation to the underground car park is integrated into the landscape design of this development
Visual and environmental impacts of above ground enclosed car parking are minimised.
Design Guidance
Exposed parking should not be located along primary street frontages.
Screening, landscaping and other design elements including public art should be used to integrate the above ground car parking with the facade. Design solutions may include:
• car parking that is concealed behind the facade, with windows integrated into the overall facade design (approach should be limited to developments where a larger floor plate podium is suitable at lower levels)
• car parking that is ‘wrapped’ with other uses, such as retail, commercial or two storey Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) units along the street frontage.
Positive street address and active frontages should be provided at ground level.
An example of a car wash bay integrated into the basement car
park of a residential apartment building
Efficient car park layouts and ramp design should be used
Car wash bays can be accessed without crossing car parking spaces
Car parking is well organised and used a logical, clearly marked structure
Visitor car parking is provided within car parks
Where car parks are located above ground and visible from public or common areas, they should be partially of fully screened from view
Design Guidance
Excavation should be minimised through efficient car park layouts and ramp design
Car parking layout should be well organised, using a logical, efficient structural grid and double loaded aisles.
Protrusion of car parks should not exceed 1m above ground level.
Design solutions may include stepping car park levels or using split levels on sloping sites.
Natural ventilation should be provided to basement and sub basement car parking areas.
Ventilation grills or screening devices for car parking openings should be integrated into the facade and landscape design.
Landscaped on-street parking can enhance streetscape character
Landscaping of on-street parking reduces visual impact while providing amenity and environmental benefits such as shade, reduced surface temperatures and water management
The impact of car parking and vehicular access points on the streetscape should be minimised
Screening can be used to integrate above ground car parking with the facade
Above ground parking should be concealed behind the building facade and wrapped with other uses along the primary street frontage, such as retail, commercial or two storey SOHO units
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